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Bahamas
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Bahamas:
The Commonwealth of the Bahamas is a nation of about 700 islands
stretching from Florida to Cuba and Haiti. Over half of the population
live on the island of New Providence. The official language is English.
See also caribbean.
Independence Day, July 10.
Anniversary of the proclamation of sovereignty in 1973.
Fox Hill Day, second Tuesday in August.
Celebrates the abolition of slavery, and takes place in the area
of Fox Hill, about five miles from Nassau, New Providence.
Labour Day, first Friday in June.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Whit Monday, Labour
Day, Independence Day, Emancipation Day, Columbus Day, Christmas.
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Bahrain
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Bahrain:
The State of Bahrain is group of about 35 islands in the Persian
Gulf. It is linked to Saudi Arabia by a causeway.
National Day of Bahrain, December 16. Independence Day.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Leilat al-Meiraj, first day of Ramadan, Id al-Fitr,
Id al-Adha, first day of Muharram, Ashoura, Mouloud, National Day.
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Bangladesh
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Bangladesh:
The People's Republic of Bangladesh borders India to the east.
The name means
"Bengal Nation". Prior to independence, Bangladesh was East Pakistan,
one of the provinces when Pakistan was created in 1947. There were tensions
from the start. East Pakistan was separated from the rest of the country
by a thousand miles of India, and even though there were more people in
the East, the government was centered in the West. Tensions worsened when
Urdu was declared the official language even though Bengali was the common
language in the East, and discontent continued despite some government
reform.
National Mourning Day, February 21.
A memorial day and national holiday. When Bangladesh was part of
Pakistan the West Pakistani regime tried to force Urdu as the national
language in place of Bengali. On this day a procession of Bengalis was
shot at by police and four people were killed. Also known as Shaheed Dibsoh
or Martyrs Day.
Independence Day, March 26.
Then, in 1970, East Pakistan's leading political party, the Awami
League, was victorious in the elections. Their leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
should have become the next Prime Minister, but the
President of Pakistan refused to accept this. After negotiations
broke down, Mujib declared independence for the People's Republic of Bangladesh
on March 26, 1971. A nine month civil war ensued.
Victory Day, December 16, 1971.
After Sheikh Mujib's declaration of independece, President Yahya
Khan outlawed the Awami League and arrested its leaders, including Mujib.
Resistance fighters continued to battle the Pakistan army, resulting in
nearly ten million refugees fleeing to India. India declared war on Pakistan
on December 4, and Pakistan surrendered soon afterwards, on December 16,
1971. Mujib returned to become the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Today is also known as Bijoy Dibosh
.
Revolution Day, November 7.
Beginning in 1974, Political instability and internal terrorism
led to a state of emergency and suspension of constitutional rights. The
parlaiment was disolved, and Sheikh Mujib assumed absolute power as President.
This further led to a series of coup d'états. First, Mujib and his
family were assassinated by Islamic army majors. Then a counter-coup installed
a new government which ruled for four days before a third coup on November
7, 1975, installed Chief Justice Abusadet Mohammed Sayem as the new President.
Bengali New Year, April 14. [same as Vaisakhi?]
Public holidays.
Martyrs Day, Independence Day, Bengali New Year, May Day, Victory
Day, Shab-e-Barat, Jamaat-ul-Bida, Shab-e-Qudr, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha,
Yom Ashura, Janmastami, Durga Puja,
Buddha Purnima, and Christmas.
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Barbados
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Barbados:
The eastermost island of the Caribbean.
Independence Day, November 30, 1966.
Errol Barrow Day, January 21.
Errol Barrow was the first Prime Minister of Barbados, and was
previously the Premier (Barbados had full internal self-government since
1961).
United Nations Day, October 7.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Errol Barrow Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Labour
Day, Whit Monday, Kadooment Day, United Nations Day, Independence Day,
Christmas.
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Belarus
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Belarus:
The Republic of Belarus was previously the Belarussian Soviet Socialist
Republic.
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Belgium
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Belgium:
The Kingdom of Belgium is one of Europe's Benelux countries.
Independence Day, July 21.
Commemorates the anniversary of separation from the Netherlands
in 1831, and the formal
establishment of the kingdom with the crowning of Leopold I of
Saxe-Coburg, who agreed to support
the constitution drawn up by the National Congress.
Dynasty Day (Fête de la Dynastie), November 15.
Honors the king's patron saint's day.
Public holidays.
The national holdays are New Year's Day, Easter Monday, Labor Day
(May 1), Ascension Day, Whit
Monday, Independence Day (Jul 21-22), Assumption, All Saints' Day,
All Souls' Day, Armistice Day
(Nov 11), King's Birthday (Nov 15), and Christmas (Dec. 25-26).
Festivals
Cat Festival (Ypres), second Sunday in May. According to legend,
in 962 A.D. Baudoin III, the Count of Flanders, ordered the people of Ypres
to throw two or three live cats from the tower of his castle. This was
an act of renouncing pagan superstitions in which the cat featured largely,
often as a symbol of fertility. This centuries old festival was banned
in the eighteenth century by Joseph II, and again after the French occupation,
but in 1817 it was again observed by having a single citizen, wearing a
red jacket, white cap, and ribbons, throw down a live cat from the castle,
which often survived the drop. During World War I it was observed by a
concert of bells, and in 1938 the festival was reinstated at the current
date, with live cats replaced with toy stuffed ones. A Cat Parade was added
in 1955, and includes floats and costumes based on feline mythology
through the ages.
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Belize
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Belize:
A Central American nation bordered by Guatemala, Mexico, and Honduras.
Independence Day, September 21.
Belize was known as British Honduras prior to their independence
from the United Kingdom on September 21, 1981.
St. George's Cay Day, September 10.
The area was originally settled by the Spanish, and in the seventeenth
century
British settlers arrived
who were interested in the mahogany. After many conflicts between
the Spanish and the British, war
broke out in 1796, and a Spanish expidition was sent to drive out
the British. The Battle of St. George's
Cay in 1798 was won by a handful of locals over a superior Spanish
force.
Garifuna Day on November 19.
The first Carib settlement in Belize was in 1823, when Black Caribs
came from St. Vincent [and
Rotan]. The Garifuna ethnic group makes up 7.6% of the population.
National Day, September 10.
Commemorates the Battle of Saint George's Cay in 1798 in which
a few locals defeated the superior
Spanish forces.
Baron Bliss Day, March 9.
Honors the Englishman Sir Henry Edward Ernest Victor Bliss, who
left his entire fortune to the city of
Belize for no known reason.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Baron Bliss Day, Good Friday, Holy Saturday, Easter
Monday, Labor Day (May 1),
Commonwealth Day (May 24), St. George's Cay Day, Indepen-dence
Day, Pan American Day (Oct.
2 -- Columbus Day), Garifuna Day, Christmas, and Boxing Day.
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Benin
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Benin:
The Republic of Benin is a narrow country between Nigeria and Togo
on the west coast of Africa.
National Day, November 30.
Commemorates the establishment of a Marxist-Leninist state on the
anniversary of the day in
1975 when the official name of this country was changed from Dahomey
to Benin.
Martyrs' Day, January 16.
Anniversary of the mercenary attack on Cotonou.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Martyrs' Day, Id al-Fitr, Youth Day (Apr 1), Good
Friday, Easter Monday, Workers' Day (May 1), Ascension Day, Whit Monday,
Id al-Adha, Assumption, Armed Forces Day (Oct 26), All Saints' Day, National
Day, Christmas, Harvest Day (Dec 31).
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Bermuda
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Bermuda:
A British Dependent Territory.
Peppercorn Day, April 23rd.
The day of the Peppercorn ceremony, when officials collect one
peppercorn as rent of the Old State
House in Saint George.
Bermuda Day, May 24.
Somers Day, Bermuda, July 28.
Commemorates Admiral Sir George Somers' settlement of 1609.
National holidays.
New Year's Day, Good Friday, Bermuda Day, Queen's Official Birthday,
Cup Match, Somers' Day,
Labor Day (Sep), Remembrance Day (Nov 11), Christmas.
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Bhutan
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Bhutan:
The Kingdom of Bhutan is a country located in the Himalayas between
China and India.
National Day of Bhutan, December 17.
The first hereditary King of Bhutan was installed on this day in
1907.
King's Birthday, November 11.
The birthday of Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who became king in 1972
at age sixteen.
Public holidays.
Buddhist holidays, King's Birthday, Dussehra, National Day of Bhutan.
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Bolivia
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Bolivia:
The Republic of Bolivia is located in South America.
Independence Day, August 6, 1825.
Anniversary of the day it gained its independence from Spain.
La Paz Day, observed in La Paz, Bolivia on July 16.
La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, was founded on this day in 1548.
Martyrs' Day, July 21.
Memorial Day, March 23.
National Day, April 9.
Anniversary of the reestablishment of the National Revolutionary
Movement in 1952.
Alacitas, occurs in January.
Indian festival for the god of abundance.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Carnival (Shrove Mon. and Shrove Tue.), Good Friday,
Labor Day (May 1), Corpus Christi, Independence Day, All Souls' Day, and
Christmas. There are also regional public holidays.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bosnia and Herzegovina:
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was
previously a republic of Yugoslavia.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Labor Days (May 1-2), July 27, November 25.
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Botswana
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Botswana:
The Republic of Botswana is in southern Africa.
Botswana Day, September 30.
Celebrates the country's independence from the United Kingdom in
1966.
President's Day, May 24.
Public holidays.
The national holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Ascension Day,
President's Day, Botswana Day,
Christmas. Multiple days are given for most of these holidays.
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Brazil
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Brazil:
The Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in South
America. Christianity is the
dominant religion.
Tiradentes Day, April 21.
Commemorates the execution of national hero Jose da Silva Xavier,
a conspirator in the 1789 revolt
against the Portuguese. Xavier, a dentist by trade, was nicknamed
Tiradentes, or tooth-puller.
Independence Day, September 7, 1822.
Anniversary of declaration of independence from Portugal by Dom
Pedro II.
Republic Day, November 15.
Anniversary of the proclamation of 1889 which removed Dom Pedro
from power.
Brasilia Day, April 21.
Anniversay of the naming of Brasilia as the capital of Brazil in
1960. Celebration is concentrated in the
capital city itself.
Discovery Day, April 22.
Anniversary of the discovery of Brazil by Pedro Alvarez Cabral
in 1500.
Sao Paulo Anniversary, Sao Paulo, Brazil, January 25.
A public holiday in Sao Paulo.
Public holidays.
The national holidays are New Year's Day, St. Sebastian's feast
day, Carnival, Good Friday,
Tiradentes Day, Labor Day (May 1), Corpus Christi, Independence
Day, All Souls' Day, Proclamation
of the Republic Day (Nov. 15), and Christmas. Sao Paulo has the
additional regional public holiday
Sao Paulo Day.
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British Virgin Islands
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British Virgin Islands:
A British Dependent Territory.
Prince of Wales's Birthday, November 14.
Celebrates the birthday of Prince Charles (b.1948).
Sovereign's Birthday Observance, occurs in June.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Commonwealth Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Whit
Monday, Queen's Official
Birthday, Territory Day (Jul 1), August Holiday (Mon, Tue, and
Wed), Saint Ursula's Day, Prince of
Wales' Birthday, Christmas.
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Brunei
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Brunei:
The anniversary of the 1959 constitution is celebrated on September
29.
National Day, February 23.
Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day, June 1.
Sultan's Birthday, July 15.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Isra Mera (Leilat al-Meiraj), Chinese New Year,
National Day, Beginning of Ramadan, Memperingati Nuzul Al-Quran (Revelation
of the Koran), Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan), Royal Brunei Armed Forces
Day, Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice), Hizrah (Islamic New Year),
Sultan's Birthday, Hari Mouloud, Christmas.
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Bulgaria
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Bulgaria:
The Republic of Bulgaria is located in eastern Europe.
Botev Day, May 20.
Memorializes the death of poet Khristo Botev (d.1876), who was
a hero in the revolutionary movement against the Turks. Observed with poetry
festivals and concerts.
Babin Den, January 20.
Also known as Grandmother's Day.
Education Day, May 24. A day to promote the nation's culture, education,
and communications. Also known as Day of Slavonic Letters.
National Holiday, September 9-10.
Commemorates the period in 1944 when Bulgaria switched sides from
the Axis to the Allied side.
Liberation Day, March 3.
Anniversary of Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottoman empire in
1878, acheived through the Treaty of San Stefano.
Viticulturists' Day, February 14.
A festival observing customs from the cult of Dionysus, god of
wine and merriment.
Public holidays.
The national holidays are New Year's Day, National Day (Mar 3),
Labor Day (May 1), Education Day, Christmas.
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Burkina Faso
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Burkina Faso:
A country in Africa formerly known as Upper Volta.
Republic Day, December 11, 1958.
The territory voted to become an autonomous state. No longer observed
since the country becam
Burkina Faso.
Youth Day, November 30.
National Day, August 4.
On this day in 1984 the Republic of Upper Volta was renamed Burkina
Faso.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Anniversary of 1966 Coup (Jan 3), Id al-Fitr, Easter
Monday, Labour Day (May 1),
Ascension Day, Whit Monday, Id al-Adha, National Day, Assumption,
Mouloud, All Saints' Day, Christmas.
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Burma
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Burma. See Myanmar.
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Burundi
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Burundi:
The Republic of Burundi is in central Africa.
Independence Day, July 1.
Anniversary of sovereignty in 1962.
Victory of Uprona Day, September 18, 1961.
UPRONA is the Union pour le progrès national, which was
formed in 1958 by Prince Louis Rwagasore.
Murder of the Hero Day on October 13.
Prime minister Prince Louis Rwagasore's assassination is remembered.
Public holidays.
New Year's Day, Easter Monday, Labor Day (May 1), Ascension Day,
Independence Day,
Assumption, Victory of Uprona Day, Murder of the Hero Day, All
Saints' Day, Anniversary of the
Revolution (Nov. 30), Christmas, and Umugamuro.
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