Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia

Language: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

Currency: 1 hryvna=100 kopiykas

Population: 49,811,174

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, plastics and rubber

Export: ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products

Industries: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 23,350 km
broad gauge: 23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 172,565 km
paved: 163,937 km (including 1,875 km of expressways); note—these roads are
said to be hard-surfaced, meaning that some are paved and some are all-weather
gravel surfaced
unpaved: 8,628 km

Waterways: 4,400 km navigable waterways, of which 1,672 km were on the
Pryp''yat' and Dnistr

Ports & Harbors: Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni

Location: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France

Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic

Currency: 1 British pound (£) = 100 pence

Population: 59,113,439

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, foodstuffs

Export: manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco

Industries: production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor
vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and
other consumer goods

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 16,878 km
broad gauge: 342 km 1.600-m gauge (190 km double track); note—all 1.600-m
gauge track, of which 342 km is in common carrier use, is in Northern Ireland
standard gauge: 16,536 km 1.435-m gauge (4,928 km electrified; 12,591 km
double or multiple track)

Highways:
total: 372,000 km
paved: 372,000 km (including 3,270 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km

Waterways: 3,200 km

Ports & Harbors: Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmouth, Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Peterhead, Plymouth, Scapa Flow, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne

Location: Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)

Language: Italian, Latin, various other languages

Currency: 1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi

Population: 870

Natural Hazards: NA

Import:NA

Export:NA

Industries: printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 862 m; note—connects to Italy's network at Rome's Saint Peter's station
narrow gauge: 862 m 1.435-m gauge

Highways: none; all city streets

Ports & Harbors: none