Location: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Language: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%,other 3%

Currency: 1 Macedonian denar (MKD) = 100 deni

Population: 2,022,604

Natural Hazards: high seismic risks

Import: machinery and equipment 19%, chemicals 14%, fuels
12%

Export: food, beverages, tobacco 17.0%, machinery and
transport equipment 13.3%, other manufactured goods 58%

Industries: coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 922 km
standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (232 km electrified) (1997)

Highways:
total: 10,591 km
paved: 5,500 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,091 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: none, lake transport only

Ports & Harbors: none

Location: Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)

Language: Maltese (official), English (official)

Currency: 1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents

Population: 381,603

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco

Export: machinery and transport equipment, manufactures

Industries: tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Transportation: Railways: 0 km

Highways:
total: 1,582 km
paved: 1,471 km
unpaved: 111 km (1993 est.)

Ports & Harbors: Marsaxlokk, Valletta

Location: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania

Language: Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

Currency: the Moldovan leu (MLD)

Population: 4,460,838

Natural Hazards: landslides

Import: oil, gas, coal, steel, machinery, chemical products, metals, metal products, foodstuffs, automobiles, other consumer durables

Export: foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, textiles and footwear,
machinery

Industries: food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 1,328 km
broad gauge: 1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)

Highways:
total: 12,300 km
paved: 10,738 km
unpaved: 1,562 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 424 km (1994)

Ports & Harbors: none

Location: Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern
coast of France, near the border with Italy

Language: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Population: 32,149

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: ull customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Export: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Industries:

Transportation: Railways:
total: 1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge

Highways:
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km

Ports & Harbors: Monaco

Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany

Language: Dutch

Currency: Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents; January 2002 to be replaced by the euro

Population: 15,807,641

Natural Hazards: the extensive system of dikes and dams protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded

Import: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
foodstuffs, fuels, consumer goods

Export: machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, food and tobacco

Industries: agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 2,813 km
standard gauge: 2,813 km 1.435-m gauge; (1,991 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 127,000 km
paved: 114,427 km (including 2,360 km of expressways)
unpaved: 12,573 km

Waterways: 5,046 km, of which 47% is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton
capacity or larger

Ports & Harbors: Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht

Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden

Language: Norwegian (official) small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere

Population: 4,438,547

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs

Export: petroleum and petroleum products 55%, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish

Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 4,012 km
standard gauge: 4,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km double track)

Highways:
total: 91,180 km
paved: 67,473 km (including 109 km of expressways)
unpaved: 23,707 km

Waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; navigable by 2.4 m draft vessels maximum

Ports & Harbors: Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim

Location: Central Europe, east of Germany

Language: Polish

Currency: 1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy

Population: 38,608,929

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: manufactured goods, chemical 43%, machinery and
equipment 36%, mineral fuels 9%, food and live animals 8%, other 4%

Export: manufactured goods, chemicals 57%, machinery and
equipment 21%, food and live animals 12%, mineral fuels 7%, other 3%

Industries: machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 24,313 km
broad gauge: 652 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 22,243 km 1.435-m gauge (11,648 km electrified; 8,978 km double track)
narrow gauge: 1,418 km various gauges including 1.000-m, 0.785-m, 0.750-m, and 0.600-m

Highways:
total: 377,048 km
paved: 247,721 km (including 264 km of expressways)
unpaved: 129,327 km

Waterways: 3,812 km navigable rivers and canals (1996)

Ports & Harbors: Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ustka, Warsaw, Wrocaw

Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Language: Portuguese

Currency: 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Population: 9,918,040

Natural Hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Import: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
petroleum, textiles, agricultural products

Export: clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides

Industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 3,072 km
broad gauge: 2,769 km 1.668-m gauge (528 km electrified; 426 km double track)
narrow gauge: 303 km 1.000-m gauge

Highways:
total: 68,732 km
paved: 59,110 km (including 687 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,622 km

Waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity

Ports & Harbors: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo