Location: Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK

Language: Icelandic

Currency: 1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar

Population: 272,512

Natural Hazards: earthquakes and volcanic activity

Import: machinery and equipment, petroleum products,
foodstuffs, textiles

Export: fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite and ferrosilicon

Industries: fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism

Transportation:
Railways: 0 km

Highways:
total: 12,691 km
paved: 3,262 km
unpaved: 9,429 km (1997 est.)

Ports & Harbors: Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar

Location: Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain

Language: English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard

Currency: 1 Irish pound (£Ir) = 100 pence

Population: 3,632,944

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: food, animal feed, data processing equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, textiles, clothing

Export: chemicals, data processing equipment, industrial
machinery, live animals, animal products

Industries: food products, brewing, textiles, clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 1,947 km
broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (38 km electrified; 485 km double track)

Highways:
total: 92,500 km
paved: 87,042 km (including 80 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,458 km

Waterways: limited for commercial traffic

Ports & Harbors: Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford

Location: Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland

Language: English, Manx Gaelic

Currency: 1 Manx pound (£M) = 100 pence

Population: 75,686

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: timber, fertilizers, fish

Export: tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb

Industries: financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 52 km (27 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 640 km
paved: 320 km
unpaved: 320 km

Ports & Harbors: Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey

Location: Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia

Language: Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Currency: 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi

Population: 56,735,130

Natural Hazards: regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice

Import: engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages and tobacco

Export: engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals

Industries: tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 19,272 km
standard gauge: 17,983 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways (FS) operates
15,942 km of the total standard gauge routes (10,889 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 112 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 1,177 km 0.950-m
gauge (19 km electrified) (1996)

Highways:
total: 317,000 km
paved: 317,000 km (including 9,500 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited
overall value

Ports & Harbors: Augusta (Sicily), Bagnoli, Bari, Brindisi, Gela, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Milazzo, Naples, Porto Foxi, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Trieste, Venice

Location: Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France

Language: English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

Currency: 1 Jersey pound (£J) = 100 pence

Population: 89,721

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals

Export: light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Industries: tourism, banking and finance, dairy

Transportation:
Railways: 0 km

Highways:
total: 577 km (1995)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km

Ports & Harbors: Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier

Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania

Language: Lettish (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other

Currency: 1 Latvian lat (LVL) = 100 santims

Population: 2,353,874

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: fuels, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Export: wood and wood products, machinery and equipment, textiles, foodstuffs

Industries: buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; dependent on imports for energy, raw materials, and
intermediate products

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 2,412 km
broad gauge: 2,379 km 1.520-m gauge (271 km electrified) (1992)
narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (1994)

Highways:
total: 55,942 km
paved: 21,426 km
unpaved: 34,516 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 300 km perennially navigable

Ports & Harbors: Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils

Location: Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Language: German (official), Alemannic dialect

Currency: 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Population: 32,057

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor
vehicles

Export: small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps,
hardware, pottery

Industries: electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 18.5 km; note—owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian
Federal Railways
standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

Highways:
total: 250 km
paved: 250 km
unpaved: 0 km

Ports & Harbors: none

Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia

Language: Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian

Currency: 1 Lithuanian litas = 100 centas

Population: 3,584,966

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: machinery and equipment 30%, mineral products 18%, chemicals 9%, textiles 8%, foodstuffs

Export: machinery and equipment 19%, mineral products 16%, textiles 15%, chemicals 8%, foodstuffs 8%

Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles,
food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 2,002 km
broad gauge: 2,002 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) (1994)

Highways:
total: 68,161 km
paved: 60,527 km (including 410 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,634 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 600 km perennially navigable

Ports & Harbors: Kaunas, Klaipeda

Location: Western Europe, between France and Germany

Language: Luxembourgian, German, French, English

Currency: 1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Population: 429,080

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods

Export: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products

Industries: banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 275 km
standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (262 km electrified; 178 km double
track) (1995)

Highways:
total: 5,137 km
paved: 5,086 km (including 123 km of expressways)
unpaved: 51 km (1996 est.)
note: one source lists roads 2,863 km; expressways 115 km

Waterways: 37 km; Moselle

Ports & Harbors: Mertert