Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between
Greece and Serbia and Montenegro

Language: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Currency:1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

Population: 3,364,571

Natural Hazards: earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast

Import: machinery, consumer goods, grains

Export: asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil,
vegetables, fruits, tobacco

Industries:food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining,
basic metals, hydropower

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 447 km (none electrified)
standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (1995)

Highways:
total: 18,000 km
paved: 5,400 km
unpaved: 12,600 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake
Prespa (1990)

Ports & Harbors: Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore TIA Rinas Airport, Tirana

Location: Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain

Language: Catalan (official), French, Castilian

Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes; 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos; the
French and Spanish currencies are used

Population: 65,939

Natural Hazards: snowslides, avalanches

Import: consumer goods, food

Export: electricity, tobacco products, furniture

Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking

Transportation:
Railways: 0 km

Highways:
total: 269 km
paved: 198 km
unpaved: 71 km (1991 est.)

Ports & Harbors: none none

Location: Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

Language: German

Currency: 1 Austrian schilling (AS) = 100 groschen

Population: 8,139,299

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: vehicles, machinery and equipment, apparel, metal
goods, oil and oil products, office and data-processing machinery, medical and pharmaceutical products, telecommunication equipment, textiles (1997)

Export: vehicles, machinery and equipment, paper and
paperboard, metal goods, iron and steel, telecommunication equipment,textiles, medical and pharmaceutical products (1997)

Industries: construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, chemicals,lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism (1997)

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 5,849 km (there is also 594 km of private tracks)
standard gauge: 5,470 km 1.435-m gauge (3,418 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 379 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (84 km electrified)
(1997)

Highways: 129,061 km
paved: 129,061 km (including 1,613 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 358 km (1997)

Ports & Harbors: Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems

Location: Eastern Europe, east of Poland

Language: Byelorussian, Russian, other

Currency: Belarusian rubel (BR)

Population: 10,401,784

Natural Hazards: NA

Import: fuel, natural gas, industrial raw materials, textiles,
sugar, foodstuffs

Export: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
foodstuffs

Industries: tractors, metal-cutting machine tools, off-highway dump trucks up to 110-metric-ton load capacity, wheel-type earth movers for construction and mining, eight-wheel-drive, high-flotation trucks with cargo capacity of 25 metric tons for use in tundra and roadless areas, equipment for animal husbandry and livestock feeding, motorcycles, television sets, chemical fibers, fertilizer, linen fabric, wool fabric, radios, refrigerators, other consumer goods

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 5,563 km
broad gauge: 5,563 km 1.520-m gauge (894 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 53,407 km
paved: 52,446 km
unpaved: 961 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: NA km; note—Belarus has extensive and widely used canal and river systems

Ports & Harbors: Mazyr

Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands

Language: Flemish 56%, French 32%, German 1%, legally bilingual 11%

Currency: 1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes

Population: 10,182,034

Natural Hazards: flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Import: fuels, grains, chemicals, foodstuffs

Export: iron and steel, transportation equipment, tractors,
diamonds, petroleum products

Industries: engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum, coal

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 3,380 km (2,459 km electrified; 2,563 km double track)
standard gauge: 3,380 km 1.435-m gauge (1996)

Highways:
total: 143,175 km
paved: 143,175 km (including 1,674 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use)
 

Ports & Harbors: Antwerp (one of the world's busiest ports), Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge

Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

Language: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian

Currency: 1 convertible marka (KM) = 100 convertible pfenniga

Population: 3,482,495

Natural Hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes

Import: NA

Export: NA

Industries: steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining (much of capacity damaged or shut down) (1995)

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km; operating as diesel or steam until grids are
repaired)
standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1995); note—some segments still
need repair and/or reconstruction

Highways:
total: 21,846 km
paved: 11,425 km
unpaved: 10,421 km (1996 est.)
note: roads need maintenance and repair

Waterways: NA km; large sections of Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt,
and debris

Ports & Harbors: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava none of which are fully operational), Orasje

Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

Language: Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

Currency: 1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki

Population: 8,194,772

Natural Hazards:

Import: fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and
equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles (1997)

Export: machinery and equipment; metals, minerals, and
fuels; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles (1997)

Industries: machine building and metal working, food processing, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 4,292 km
standard gauge: 4,047 km 1.435-m gauge (2,650 km electrified; 917 km
double track)
narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (1995)

Highways:
total: 36,724 km
paved: 33,786 km (including 314 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,938 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 470 km (1987)

Ports & Harbors: Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin

Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Language: Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)

Currency: 1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 lipas

Population: 4,676,865

Natural Hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes

Import: machinery and transport equipment 23.1%, fuels and
lubricants 8.8%, food and live animals 9.0%, chemicals 14.2%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 16.0%, raw materials 3.5%, beverages and tobacco 1.4%

Export: machinery and transport equipment 13.6%,
miscellaneous manufactures 27.6%, chemicals 14.2%, food and live animals 12.2%, raw materials 6.1%, fuels and lubricants 9.4%, beverages and tobacco 2.7% (1993)

Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 2,296 km
standard gauge: 2,296 km 1.435-m gauge (796 km electrified)
note: some lines remain inoperative or not in use; disrupted by territorial dispute
(1997)

Highways:
total: 27,840 km
paved: 22,690 km (including 330 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,150 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 785 km perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris

Ports & Harbors: Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar

Location: Central Europe, southeast of Germany

Language: Czech, Slovak

Currency: 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

Population:10,280,513

Natural Hazards: flooding

Import: machinery and transport equipment 38.1%,
manufactured goods 19.3%, raw materials and fuels 12.4%, chemicals 12.2%, and food 5.2% (1997)

Export: manufactured goods 40.5%, machinery and transport
equipment 37.7%, chemicals 8.8%, raw materials and fuel 7.8% (1997)

Industries: fuels, ferrous metallurgy, machinery and equipment, coal, motor vehicles, glass, armaments

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 9,440 km
standard gauge: 9,344 km 1.435-m standard gauge (2,743 km electrified at
three voltages; 1,885 km double track)
narrow gauge: 96 km 0.760-m narrow gauge (1996)

Highways:
total: 55,489 km
paved: 55,489 km (including 423 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: NA km; the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river

Ports & Harbors: Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany

Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect), German (small minority)

Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere

Population: 5,356,845

Natural Hazards: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from
the sea by a system of dikes

Import: machinery and equipment, petroleum, chemicals, grain
and foodstuffs, textiles, paper

Export: machinery and instruments, meat and meat products,
fuels, dairy products, ships, fish, chemicals

Industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding

Transportation:
Railways:
total: 3,323 km (458 km privately owned and operated)
standard gauge: 3,323 km 1.435-m gauge (440 km electrified; 760 km double
track) (1996)

Highways:
total: 71,600 km
paved: 71,600 km (including 880 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 417 km

Ports & Harbors: Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Grena, Koge, Odense, Struer